Philosophical Development from Upanishadic Metaphysics to Scientific Realism Upanishadic philosophy: preparing the ground for freethinking Although the Upanishadic texts (like nearly of the originally Vedic texts) argon primarily concern with acquiring knowledge of the soul, spirit and perfection - there are aspects of Vedic and Upanishadic lit successionture that also point to an transcendental understanding of nature and natural processes. In addition, many of the ideas are presented in a philosophical and exploratory manner - kinda than as strict comments of inviolable truth. Although the Upanishadic texts goaded the Upanishadic student to concenter on comprehending the inner spirit, rational investigation of the world by other scholars was not entirely squelched, and eventually, the Upanishadic period gave way to an era which was not inimical to the development of rational ideas, even supporting scientific observation and advanced study in the palm of logic, mathematics and the physical sciences. Following an era when rituals and superstitions had begun to proliferate, in some ways the Upanishadic texts helped to clear the ground for greater rationalism in society. Brahmin orthodoxy and ideas of ritual purity were superseded by a weird perspective that eschewed sectarianism and could be practised frequently, unfettered by an individuals social standing.
Much of the emphasis was on discovering spiritual truths for oneself as opposed to mechanically accepting the testimony of established spiritual leaders. Although there is a thematic commonality to the Upanishadic discourses, different commentators offered subtly varying perspectives and insights. The concept of god in Upanishadic (and even earlier Vedic) thinking was quite different from the more common definition of god as creator and dispenser of reward and punishment. The Upanishadic concept of god was more abstract and philosophical. Different texts postulated the doctrine of a planetary soul that embraced all physical beings. All life emanated from this universal soul...
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